Invitation

Definition of Invitation :

Invitation tell about how to invite or ask someone to come along or join a particular program or activity .

How to Invite someone ??
=) I would like you to
=) would like you to ??
=) shall we ...??
=) Let's have dinner together with me tonight .

How to accept an Invitation :
=) All right !
=) I'll come .
=) I would love to .

How to refuse/decline on Invitation ??
=) I'm afraid. I can't .
=) That's very kind of you, but ..
=) I can't for now because I'm very busy ..

For the Example of dialogue about Invitation ??

Ayu       : Hi, thes. what are you doing tonight ??
Thesa    : I'll just stay at home .
Ayu       : Well, would you like to come my birthday tonight ??
Thesa   : Oh, you are going to celebrate your birthday, what time ??
Ayu       : at 6 p.m. don't be late .
Thesa   : All right ! thank's for you to invite me .
Ayu       : Okay. see you tonight. good bye ..
Thesa   : bye bye ..:)

Appointment

Definition of Appointment :
Appointment tells about agreement for meeting. It's good to make an Appointment before you meet someone or people .

Making Appointment is a kind of expression wich is used to conduct promise .

How to make an Appointment ??
=) I'd like to make an appointment with ...(you/name) .
=) I want to an appointment to see ...(kim bum)
=) I'd like to make an appointment to see ...(indah)
=) I'd like you to come and see me .
=) Can I come and see you ??
=) What about ...(friday) .

How to Accepting an Appointment ??

=) All right, see you there !
=) No problem, I'm free on ...(monday)
=) Be there on time .
=) I will wait for you there .
=) It's a deal .


How to Changing an Appointment 
=) What about ...(sunday 5 p.m)
=) Is that Ok. If we meet at 10 tomorrow morning ??
=) Do you have another time this afternoon ??
=) Could we change the day (time) of the meeting ??
=) Would you mind if we change the day (time) of the meeting ??


How to Cancelling an Appointment ??
=) I'm sorry. I'm very busy .
=) I'm terrible sorry. I have to put off my appointment .
=) I'm afraid I have to postpone my appointment with ...
    (Toni tomorrow morning) .


Example dialogue about Appointment :

Riana     : Could I come and see you this afternoon ??
Kristian : All right ! see you there .
Riana     : Could I came to your home this afternoon ??
Kristian : I'll wait for you .
Riana     : What time I could go to your home ??
Kristian : No problem, I'm free at 3 p.m .
Riana     : Thank's kristian, I'll be there on time .

Happiness Expressions

Definition of Happines Expressions :
Happiness Expressions is an expression that is used to show that someone or people one glad have excitid feelings .


What is Happiness ??

=) It is important first understand that the term "happiness" refers to the emotion, mood, and state of happiness, however researchers generally study the more enduring "state" .
=) Expressions is used to expressions happiness feelings when we are successful to do something .

What would you say to express you happiness ??
:: I'm happy because ..

:: Fantastic !
:: Great !
:: My life's fun of happy day .
:: You make me happy .
:: I'm so glad that you .
:: I like !
:: I love !
:: I'm statistied with ..
:: I'm pleased with ..
:: Congratulation !!
:: Exciting !!

We can Happiness Expressions of by :
=) Word (kata-kata)
=) Gestures (Gerakan)

For the Example of dialogue about Happiness Expressions :
Vira  : What do you accept from your birthday, vivi ?
Vivi  : Fantastic ! I can a new bag from my father .
           That's new bag. It's very good .
Vira  : Oh, I'm happy to hear it .
Vivi  : Thank's vira .
Vira  : You're welcome .



I’m very happy, because how I can get together with my old friends. Oh, how I miss them.  I see that their appearances have not changed. Wima, the Winner Of  The Piano Competition, is playing us romantic music .

Gaining Attention

Kali ini kita akan membahas gaining attention, kita akan mempelajari bagaimana caranya untuk mencari perhatian dari orang lain ..

simak yukk pembahasannya ..

Definition of Gaining Attention :

Gaining Attantion is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to that we want to .

Asking for attention (formal) : 

:: Exuse me, I wonder if I could trouble you .
:: May I have your attention, please !
:: Exuse me ! 

:: Sorry to trouble you .
:: Sorry to bother you .

Asking for attention (informal) :
:: Look at me !
:: Look what I’ve got here !
:: Look here !
:: Look !
:: Hey !
:: Attention, Please !

Showing attention:
:: I see .                           

:: Oh , yes .

:: Really ?
:: Mmmmm ...                 

:: Ahaaa ...                       

:: How interesting            

:: I know what you mean  

:: Oh, oh                          

:: Well’ well, well

:: Tell me more about it
:: Oh my god!!! Wkat happens next ?

:: What’s next ?

:: Is that all ?

:: Indeed ?

:: Woww ...

Example :

Tina         : Excuse me, Mrs !

Mrs. Ichi : Yes, what happen ?

Tina         : Can you speak in Hermany ?

Mrs. Ichi : Oh, I can't speak in Germany, sir. I just can speak an english. I'm sorry ..

Tina        : Ok. Thank's .

Mrs. Ichi : you're welcome ..:)

Sympathy Expressions

Ayo-ayo ..
kita simak ulasan tentang Sympathy Expressions mengenai ekspresi kita saat kita bersimpati atau bersedih ..
nah, langsung aj yaa ..:)

Definition of Sympathy Expressions :
Sympathy Expressions is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition. By expressing sympathy we want to show our concem or carefulness on other people's condition .

How can we give Sympathy Expression to someone :
We express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by short massage service (sms), e-mail, television, radio, and newspaper if he/she who got the trouble is far from us .

Several Expression of Sympathy :
:: I'm so sorry to hear that .
:: I'm awfully sorry about ...
:: Oh, how awfully .
:: Oh, dear !
:: How pity you are !

Example of dialogue that expressions :

Berry : Yesterday i lose my phone .

Lilly    : Oh dear! I know what you feel .

Berry : hff...but hfff forget it .
Niia    : Im sorry to hear that .

Lilly    : yes,thankz to your sympathy berry .

Niia    : Welcome .

Giving Intructions

Wowww ..
gak kerasa udah sampe sini nih ak nulis ..
memangg yah, kalo d.jalani tnpa beban psti smu.a terasa lancar ..hehee :)
Hembb.. topik kali ini adlh Giving Intructions, yaitu tentang cara-cara menberikan Intruksi ..
marii simak ulasan.a yukk !!

Definition of Giving Intructions :
Giving Intructions is an expression that is used in order that other person does what we intruct or request .

The example expression of giving intructions :
=) Open your book !
=) Close the door, please !
=) Stand up, please !
=) Be quiet, please !
=) Move them chair .

1. We use as commanding word in the from of infinite .
    Without to : =) Stand up !
                        =) Clean the room .

2. We use be + adjective, noun or adverb .
    =) be careful
    =) be on time

3. We`use the word don't + verb infinite without .
    To : =) don't move !
           =) don't do it !

4. We use word please at beginning or at the end of an intruction to make it sounds more polite, for .
Example : =) Love me please .
                  =) keep silent, please .

Note        : The tense used in giving intruction is "Simple Present" . 


                                    The difference between request and instructions

Instructions (also called imperatives)
Instructions require the person receiving them to do something, or to stop doing it. Instructions are directly addressed to the person who has to do thwm. Threfore, instructions are one of the few types of English sentences that do not need a subject. The subject is usually "you" (understood). If there is any doubt who should do the instruction, the "naming" form- the vocative is used.

Requests :
Requests are often questions, though indirect requesta may not be. Somentimes an instruction is changed into a request by the addition of "please" or a question tag. To make a request more polite we might use the subjunctive form of the verb. Very often English requests are indirect. Instead of asking someone to do something, the speaker asks if the person is able to do it. Theremore modals of ability ("can", "may",etc) are very often used.

Any example of instruction in traffic sign :

                                     

Announcement

nah, sekarangg kita lanjut ke Announcement ..

sekedar gambaran saja, Announcemen berarti sebuah pengumuman ..

jd dsni kita akn mempelajari tentang bgaimana cara membuat sbuah pengumuman yg baik ..

nah, untuk lebih jelasnya, yuk kita simak beberapa penjelasan tentang Announcement d.bwah inii ..

mariiiiiii ...hehee :)

Definition of Announcement :

Announcement is something said, written, or paintend to make know what has happened (more often) what will happen .

In Writing an Announcement, keep the following points :
:: The title / type of event 
:: Date / time, place and
:: Contact person

*For the Example :

1.

                     Attantion Please

                           The student organization (OSIS)    

                       Will hold a weekend camping

                       Next week all student are

                       Allwed to join it

                         

                                                                     Ruben

2.  3  A class Excursion

We travel by bus to Situ Gunung

Days: on Friday – on Sunday

Time: at 9.a.m and at 4.p.m

Tent and floor mars will be provided but you will need a sleeping bag.You will also need  a bag to carry your clothes, a water proof coat and pair of boots.Please bring your own plastic plate, spoon and cup and backpack for emergency equipment.

Recount Text

Hembb ..
gabsa tidur nih ..
daripada mata melek ga karuan mendingan ngelanjutin nulis primbon yk blum selese ..hehee
kalii ini ak mau nulis Recount Text ..
tentang menceritakan suatu kejadian di masa lampau .
yuuuu mariii d.lihatt ..:) 

Definition Of Recount Text :
Recount Text is a text that is used to retell event for the purpose of informing of entertaining .

The Generic Structures of Recount Text are :
1. Orientation (It's gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved where it happened, when it happened) .
2. Events (a series of events ordered in a chronological sequence) .
3. Re-Orientation (restates the writer's opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incident) .

Language Features :
1. Use of noun and pronoun .
    Example : David, We, His .
2. Use of action verbs
    Ex : Went, Spent, Played .
3. Use of time conjuction
    Example : And, But, After .
4. Use of adverb and adverb of phrases
    Example : In My House, Two Day Ago, Yesterday, Last Year .
5. Adjectives
    Ex : Beautiful, Sunny .

The Significant Lexicogrammatical features :
=) Uses of simple past tense
=) Uses of temporal conjuction (when, after, before, next, letter, then) .
=) Uses of personal pronoun (I and we) .


*Example about Recount Text :

RA KARTINI 

Every April 21, people in Indonesia commemorate the Kartini day. It is

a beautiful day for the woman because we celebrate the birth of great

lady, RA. Kartini. Everyone knows who kartini is. She is our national

heroine and a great lady with the bright idea.

Kartini was born in 1879, April 21 in Mayong Jepara. Her father was

RMAA. Sosroningrat, Wedana (assistant of head of regency) in Mayong.

Her mother, MA Ngasirah was a girl from Teluk Awur village in Jepara.

As the daughter of a noble family, she felt luck because she got more

than the ordinary people got. She got better education than other

children. She did anything she wants although it was forbidden. She

passed her childhood with her brother and sister. Because she was very

energetic, her father called her "trinil"

Then her father was chosen as Bupati (the head of regency) in Jepara.

She and her family then moved from Mayong to Jepara. In the same year,

Kartini's second sister RA Kardinah was born. The environment in Jepara

gave her big chance to develop her idea. She could study at the Dutch

owned school where only children from noble family could study here.

Few years after finishing her study, RA. Kartini was willing to

continue her study in higher level. But the custom of that day forbid a

woman to go to school. A tradition of that time, a teenage girl should

be secluded and limited her activity. So was Kartini. She was secluded

inside the house and forbidden to go out until a man propose her. The

rule could restrict her body but not her mind. During her "pingitan"

time, she spent her time by reading book which she got from her relatives.

Although she was not able to continue her study to higher level, she

was smart had a bright idea. She got the knowledge from the books she

read. To express her idea, she established a school for local people on

the backyard of Jepara city hall.

In November 12,1903, she married Adipati Djoyodiningrat, the head of

Rembang regency. According to Javanese tradition Kartini had to follow

her husband. Then she moved to Rembang.

In September 13, 1904 she gave a birth to her son. His name was

Singgih. But after giving birth to a son, her condition was getting

worse and she finally passed away on September 17, 1904 on her 25 years old.

Now Kartini has gone. But her spirit and dream will always be in our

heart. Nowadays Indonesian women progress is influenced by Kartini's

spirit stated on collection of letter "Habis gelap terbitlah terang" from the dusk to the dawn .

 

 

Narative Text

>> Narative text khusus menceritakan tentang kejadian dulu seperti legenda, mitos, fabel, dll .

Definition of Narative Text :

Narative text is a text that is uses for the purpose of entertaining or amusing, creating, stimulating amotions, motivating, guilding and teaching the readers or the listeners and it usually deals with actual or vacious axperience .

=) Narative text such as : Fable (mouse deer and crocodile), lagend / folk tables (sangkuriang, malin kundang), fairy tale (Cinderella, snow white, pinochio) .

Complication: it is about the conflict or the big problem of the story. Complication is the part of the story in which there is a conflict among the characters of the story (it is possible to make more than one conflict in a complication), and it is the climax of the story (the big problem in the story). A story can have more than one complication.

Resolution: it is the solution of the problem. It can be a happy or sad ending. In Resolution, the solution or the way out of the conflict/ the big problem must be written.

Coda: it is the change of one of the character or two, or the meaning of the story that can be caught as a moral value of life.

The Generic of Narative Text  :

1) Orientation : It sets the scane and introduces the participants (it answer the questions = who, when, what, where) .

2) Evaluation : a stepping back to evaluate the plight (the information about the narrator's point of view). It's optional .

3) Complications : a crisis or a problem arises. It usually involves the main characters .

4) Resulation : a solution to the problem (for better or worse) .

5) Resolution : The crisis is revolved, for better or worse .

Linguistic features :

1. Use active verbs.

2. Use past tense.

3. Use conjunction.

4. The first person (I or We) or the third person (He, She, or They).

5. Use specific nouns.

        6. Use adjective and adverbs

Kinds of Narrative Text

• Myth

• Legend

• Fable

• Folklore

EXAMPLE :

The Prince and Princess

There once was a prince who wanted to marry a princess, but it had to be a real princess. So he went all over the world looking for a real princess. Everywhere he met young ladies who told him they were real princesses, but he could never be completely sure that this was true. There was always something about them that did not seem quite right. And so, after along time, the prince went back home to his parents and was very sad.
One evening there was a terrible storm. It rained heavily and there was thunder and lightning in the sky above the royal castle. Then there was a knock at the castle gate. The old king went out to see who it could be.
A princess was standing outside the gate. The rain ran down over her hair and clothes and into her shoes. She told the king that she was a real princess, and he asked her to come inside.
“Well, said the old queen. We’ll soon find out if that is true. She went into the guest bedroom and took the mattress and blanket off the bed. Then she put a little green pea on the bed. She put twenty mattress on top of the pea, and then twenty blankets on top of the mattress. This was where the princess was going to spend the night.
The next morning the queen asked the princess how she had slept.
“Oh, it was terrible!” answered the princess. “I didn’t close my eyes all night. I don’t know what was in my bed, but I lay on something hard, and now I am black and blue all over. It was quite a terrible night”
Now, the king, the queen and the prince could be sure that this was a real princess! She had felt the little pea through twenty mattresses and twenty blankets. Only a real princess will be able to do that!
So the prince married the princess, and the pea was put in a museum for everyone to see. And, unless someone has taken it, it is still there today.

Procedure Text

Definition of Procedure Text :
Procedure Text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved throught a squence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a squence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentence. It also uses the temporal conjuction such as : First, second, then, next, finally, etc .

=) The Generic structures of procedure text are :
:: Goal / aim (or tittle)
:: Materials ( not required for all procedural text )
:: Steps ( The actions that must be taken )

=) The generic structure of procedure text are :

• Goal/aim (or title)
• Materials (not required for all procedure text)
• Steps (the action that must be taken)

=) Linguistic Features

• Focus on generalized human agents (often implict)
• Use of simple present
• Use of mainly temporal conjunction
• Use of mainly action verbs (often imperratives)

Example of procedure text :
 
Goal : How to make friedrice

Ingredients : 
:: a plate of rice 
:: 2 tablespoon oil 
:: 1 tablespoon soybean sauce 
:: 1 egg 
:: 5 shallots 
:: 2 cloves of garlic 
:: some salt and pepper

Equipments : 
:: a knife 
:: a frying pan 
:: a spatula 
:: a plate

Steps :
1. Slice the shallots and garlic
2. Pour the oil into the pan and heat it
3. Cook the shallot and garlic until it smells nice
4. Put the rice into the pan
5. Season with some salt and pepper
6. Stir the rice until all the ingredients are mixed well
7. Put the rice on a plate.

Past Tense

Definition of Past Tense :

Past tense is to tell the events or incidents at the past time.

Past tense is used :

:: When the speaker thinks of an activity or state as occurred and complete at a specific time in the past .

:: For a non-fact in the present or future  time.This is traditionally called the” subjunctive mood “.

Example : f I had the money now,I’d buy a car .

=) To refer a single event on the past .

Example : I called Mary last night .

=) The past habitual action .

Example : We went to school together,and we shared many experinces .

The Simple Past Tense :

Simple Past Tense is kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past.

Adverbs used: yesterday,last night ,last week,two days ago,a few minutes ago,last weekend ,last month ,last years,in 1984,etc

=) Simple past for regular verbs is added by- ed to the root of a word .

Example : She worked at the office yesterday .

=) A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form .

Example : She did not work at the office yesterday .

Question sentence are started with did as in Did  she work at the office yesterday ?

Verbal

There are two pattern of Simple Past Tense :

( + ) Subject + verb II + complement

( -  ) Subject + did not + verb I + complement

( ?  ) Did + subject + verb I ?

Nominal

( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Object

( – ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Not + Object

( ? ) To be ( was/ were ) + Subject + Object ?

Past Continuonus Tense

Past Continuonus Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain in the past.

As with the present tense,the continuous aspect that the activity is in progress ,or that it is uncompleted ,at  the specified time.

The Pattern :

( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + verb – ing + complement

(  - ) Subject + was not / were not + verb- ing + complement

( ? ) Was/were + subject + verb-ing + complement ?

Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.

The Pattern :

( + ) Subject + had + verb III + complement

( – ) Subject + had not + verb III + complement

( ? ) Had + subject + verb III + complement ?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense is like the past perfect tense ,but it  expresses longer actions in the past.

The Pattern :

( + ) Subject + Had + been + verb –ing + complement

( -  ) Subject + Had + not + been + verb-ing + complement

( ? ) Had + subject + been + verb –ing + complement ?